Justia Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Opinion Summaries

The issue this case presented for the Court of Criminal Appeals' review centered on whether a defendant suffers egregious harm from erroneous jury instructions permitting a non-unanimous verdict when the jury faced with two diametrical positions reaches multiple verdicts signifying, in the aggregate, its belief in the credibility of the State’s evidence and its disbelief in the defendant’s evidence. The State’s argued that the court of appeals erred by determining that erroneous jury instructions permitting non-unanimous jury verdicts caused egregious harm to appellant Charles Arrington. The court of appeals' judgment reversed appellant's six convictions, including five convictions for aggravated sexual assault of a child and one conviction for indecency with a child by contact. The Court of Criminal Appeals concluded that, by improperly failing to consider all of the evidence that was admitted at trial and by finding dispositive the jury’s inability to reach a verdict on a single count without considering other rational reasons for the lack of a verdict on that single count, the court of appeals erroneously determined that the faulty instructions egregiously harmed appellant. The Court reversed the judgment of the court of appeals and remanded this case for consideration of appellant’s other issues on appeal. View "Arrington v. Texas" on Justia Law

A jury convicted appellant of felony driving while intoxicated (DWI), found that appellant did “use or exhibit a deadly weapon, to wit: a motor vehicle during the commission of the offense or during immediate flight therefrom,” and assessed punishment at forty years’ imprisonment. On direct appeal, appellant claimed that the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to support the deadly-weapon finding. The court of appeals sustained that claim, struck the portion of the trial court’s judgment that found use or exhibition of a deadly weapon, and affirmed the judgment as modified. Both the state and Brister appealed. On this record, the Court of Criminal Appeals concluded the court of appeals correctly determined that there was no reasonable inference that appellant used his motor vehicle as a deadly weapon. The Court overruled the state’s grounds for review. View "Brister v. Texas" on Justia Law

The Court of Criminal Appeals granted the State’s petition for discretionary review in this case to address several questions related to the appellate review of a juvenile court’s waiver of its otherwise exclusive jurisdiction over a person alleged to have committed a murder at the age of sixteen. In 2008, the State filed a petition alleging that the appellant engaged in delinquent conduct by committing an intentional or knowing murder. On the same date, the State also filed a motion for the juvenile court to waive its exclusive jurisdiction and transfer the appellant to criminal district court for prosecution as an adult, alleging as grounds for the transfer that, because of the seriousness of the offense alleged, ensuring the welfare of the community required waiver of juvenile jurisdiction. The juvenile court granted the State’s request for a hearing on the motion and, pursuant to Section 54.02(d) of the Juvenile Justice Code in the Texas Family Code, ordered that the Chief Juvenile Probation Officer obtain a complete diagnostic study, social evaluation, and full investigation of the appellant’s background and the circumstances of the alleged offenses. The juvenile court also ordered the Mental Health and Mental Retardation Authority of Harris County to conduct an examination and file its report. The juvenile court ultimately waived jurisdiction thereby transferring the case to the jurisdiction of the district court where appellant was tried as an adult for first-degree felony murder. The jury convicted, and sentenced appellant to thirty years' confinement. On appeal, appellant argued that the juvenile court’s stated “reasons for waiver” were supported by insufficient evidence and that the juvenile court therefore abused its discretion by waiving jurisdiction over the appellant. In a published opinion, the court of appeals agreed with appellant that the evidence supported neither the juvenile court’s “sophistication-and-maturity” finding nor its “adequate-protection-of-the-public-and-likelihood-of-rehabilitation” finding. The court of appeals vacated the district court’s judgment of conviction, dismissed the criminal proceedings, and declared the case to be still “pending in the juvenile court. The State appealed. The Court of Criminal Appeals concluded after its review that court of appeals did not err to undertake a factual-sufficiency review of the evidence underlying the juvenile court’s waiver of jurisdiction over the appellant. But because the juvenile court made no case-specific findings of fact with respect to the seriousness of the offense, the Court agreed with the court of appeals that the evidence failed to support this as a valid reason for waiving juvenile-court jurisdiction and affirmed the court of appeals. View "Moon v. Texas" on Justia Law

Appellant Henry Taylor, Jr. was convicted of theft following a contract dispute he had over the installation of some commercial signs. Jeff Reich owned a construction company in Longview, and he also owned certain commercial properties in Longview and Kilgore. For several years, Reich had done business with the appellant and appellant’s father, who ran several commercial sign businesses, and Reich had been satisfied with their work. The father stepped down from the business and turned over operations to appellant. Through Reich’s office manager, Vicki Yocum, appellant negotiated a deal by which he agreed to order four LED signs and install them at two of Reich’s commercial properties. When a significant time had passed and Yocum continued to hear nothing from appellant, she began to “hound” him, mostly via text messages, but appellant remained evasive. Frustrated that the LED signs had still not been installed at his properties, Reich contacted the police. Appellant discovered that a warrant had been issued for his arrest, and he turned himself in. Appellant argued that he was convicted of theft solely because his apparent “ineptitude” prevented him from adequately fulfilling his contractual obligations. In a published split decision, the Court of Appeals affirmed appellant’s conviction for theft in an amount between $1,500 and $20,000, a state-jail felony. The majority found that the evidence would support a rational inference that, by the time the appellant took a second installment payment on the contract in the amount of $10,000, on a false premise, he had formulated the requisite intent to deprive his customer of that amount. The dissent argued that the evidence, while certainly sufficient to support the inference that the money was taken under false pretenses, was insufficient to show that the appellant ever intended to renege on the contract. In light of this disagreement among the appellate justices, the Court of Criminal Appeals granted the appellant’s petition for discretionary review and, finding no error with the outcome, affirmed the court of appeals’ judgment. View "Taylor v. Texas" on Justia Law

A jury convicted Appellant of capital murder and sentenced her to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Her conviction was affirmed by the Court of Appeals. The Court of Criminal Appeals granted review to examine the court of appeals’ holding that Appellant was not entitled to a lesser-included instruction on manslaughter and, if necessary, to reconsider the Court's jurisprudence on lesser-included offenses. However, because the Court of Criminal Appeals agreed with the court of appeals that Appellant was not entitled to the lesser-included instruction, it affirmed its judgment. View "Hudson v. Texas" on Justia Law

Appellant was indicted for five counts of aggravated assault and one count of capital murder. The first five counts of the indictment alleged aggravated assaults of five patients of a dialysis clinic who suffered adverse episodes but did not die. The sixth count charged her with capital murder by murdering more than one person during the same criminal transaction or during different criminal transactions but pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct. The jury acquitted the appellant on two of the aggravated assault charges. It found her guilty of three aggravated assaults and of capital murder. During closing arguments, the State told the jury, “The State has the burden of proof to prove that the Defendant caused the death of at least two of the five victims. You don’t have to agree as to which two.” Appellant argued for the first time on appeal that the language in the jury charge and the State’s closing argument allowed the jury to convict her of capital murder without agreeing on which two or more of the five named individuals were murdered by the appellant, violating the requirement that jury verdicts be unanimous. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s judgment. The Court of Criminal Appeals granted review to consider whether a jury charge on capital murder under Penal Code Section 19.03(a)(7) must require the jurors to agree as to the identities and the number of the victims. Upon review, the Court reversed the trial court's judgment and remanded the case to the Court of Appeals. View "Saenz v. Texas" on Justia Law

Appellant John Shelby was driving his truck while carrying two passengers, his then boyfriend Frank Lopez, and another passenger, Raymundo Hernandez. According to Hernandez, a fight began inside the vehicle, during which appellant was repeatedly hitting Lopez. Appellant then caused his truck to collide with a marked police car that was pulled over onto the side of the road during a routine traffic stop. The collision resulted in serious bodily injury to two people: Trooper Hoppas, who was seated in the passenger seat of his police car, and the man he had stopped, who was standing by the side of the road. Trooper Hoppas suffered several broken bones in his foot and leg, which later required him to undergo knee reconstruction surgery. The man Trooper Hoppas had stopped suffered several fractured vertebrae in his back. After causing the collision, appellant fled on foot to a nearby parking lot, where he was later apprehended by police. A subsequent investigation revealed that appellant had a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.13. The State charged appellant with having committed five offenses stemming from this incident, and he was convicted of all five offenses in a single trial. Only two of those five convictions were raised on appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeals: (1) his conviction for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon against Trooper Hoppas, a public servant, a first-degree felony, for which appellant was sentenced to fourteen years’ imprisonment, and (2) intoxication assault against Trooper Hoppas, a second-degree felony when committed against a peace officer, for which appellant was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment. Appellant argued that Double Jeopardy disallowed dual convictions for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon against a public servant and intoxication assault because they both stemmed from the same act. The Court of Criminal Appeals agreed, concluding the Legislature did not intend to authorize separate punishments for the offenses of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon against a public servant and intoxication assault when the convictions for those offenses are based upon the same assaultive conduct against a single person, and, therefore, the Court held that appellant’s dual convictions for both offenses violate double jeopardy. The judgment of the court of appeals was reversed and Shelby’s conviction for the less serious offense, intoxication assault, was vacated. View "Shelby v. Texas" on Justia Law

The issue this case presented for the Court of Criminal Appeals' review came as an interlocutory appeal by the State. The trial court granted appellee David Villarreal's motion to suppress blood evidence after his arrest for felony DWI and subjected to a warrantless blood-specimen collection. The State challenged the trial court’s and the court of appeals’s conclusion that the warrantless search of Villarreal’s blood under statutory authority providing for implied consent and mandatory blood-specimen collection violated the Fourth Amendment. In addressing the merits of the State’s challenge to the trial court’s ruling, the Court concluded that the warrantless, nonconsensual testing of a DWI suspect’s blood did not categorically fall within any recognized exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement, nor could it be justified under a general Fourth Amendment balancing test. Accordingly, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that the search in this case violated the Fourth Amendment. With respect to the State’s specific complaints regarding the court of appeals’s analysis, although the court of appeals erred by determining that the State forfeited its implied-consent argument on appeal through stipulation, remand was unnecessary in light of both the court of appeals’s implicit rejection of that argument and the Court of Criminal Appeals' express rejection of that argument. Furthermore, the Court concluded that the court of appeals erred to address the constitutionality of the mandatory-blood-draw statute and, in light of the holding in this case, the Court declined to review the State’s complaint with respect to that matter. View "Texas v. Villarreal" on Justia Law

In this petition, appellant Michael Dansby challenged the court of appeals’s determination on remand that error was not preserved with respect to his complaint regarding his conditions of community supervision, which led that court to affirm the trial court’s judgment revoking his deferred-adjudication community supervision and ordering his imprisonment for indecency with a child. In his only question presented to the Court of Criminal Appeals, appellant argued that the court of appeals erred by determining that his failure to raise a Fifth Amendment objection to the conditions of community supervision at the time that they were imposed resulted in procedural default of his complaint on appeal. Appellant argues that he could not be faulted for failing to object to the conditions on the basis that they violated his Fifth Amendment constitutional right because he was not placed on notice that he would be required to “incriminate himself” as part of those conditions. The Court agreed with appellant. Therefore, the judgment of the court of appeals was reversed and the case remanded to address the merits of appellant’s Fifth Amendment complaint. View "Dansby v. Texas" on Justia Law

Applicant Neal Robbins was convicted in 1999 of the capital murder of his girlfriend’s seventeen-month-old daughter. The State did not seek the death penalty, and upon conviction applicant was sentenced to life in prison. The Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the judgment and sentence on direct appeal. The applicant filed a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus on September 3, 2013, pursuant to article 11.073 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. Article 11.073 was passed during the 2013 legislative session and became effective on September 1, 2013. There were no factual changes in the applicant’s case since the filing of his first application. In both applications he argued he was entitled to a new trial because the medical examiner who testified for the prosecution, could no longer stand by her trial testimony regarding the cause of death. The only difference between the two applications was the enactment of the new law upon which the applicant now relies. Based on article 11.073, applicant argues he was entitled to relief because scientific evidence relied on by the State at trial has been contradicted by relevant scientific evidence that was unavailable at trial, and if it had been presented at trial he would not have been convicted. The Court of Criminal Appeals was persuaded by this argument, and granted applicant’s request for relief. View "In re Robbins" on Justia Law